Sulfuric acid, also known as oil of vitriol, is a highly corrosive and potent mineral acid. It is a viscous, oily liquid that is colorless to slightly yellow in appearance. Sulfuric acid is widely used across various industries, including fertilizers, dyes, detergents, petroleum refining, and metal processing.
The molecular formula for sulfuric acid is H2SO4, indicating that it is composed of two hydrogen atoms, one sulfur atom, and four oxygen atoms. It is considered a strong acid, meaning that it readily dissociates in water, producing a large number of hydrogen ions (H+) which gives it its acidic properties.
Sulfuric acid reacts with water to release a large amount of heat, making it a highly exothermic reaction. This also means that it must be handled with extreme caution and protective clothing should be worn when working with it.
Due to its high level of reactivity, sulfuric acid must be carefully stored and transported in specialized containers. When spilled or released into the environment, it can pose a significant risk to both human health and the environment.
Despite its hazards, sulfuric acid remains an indispensable chemical in modern industries and is used in a wide range of applications.
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